Assuntos
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/genética , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/patologia , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/metabolismo , Masculino , Mães , Núcleo Familiar , PrognósticoRESUMO
CONTEXT: With rapid economic growth and massive development of transportation, the number of automobiles has greatly increased. Traffic police are the one of the vulnerable groups predominantly exposed to vehicular exhaust during traffic control. OBJECTIVE: The present study is aimed to study the relation between occupational exposure to vehicular exhaust and oxidative stress (OS) in traffic police. We investigated the levels of 8- hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), one of the most sensitive biomarkers for measuring OS and the association between polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450 (CYP) and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) genes that are known to play a significant role in the activation and detoxification of xenobiotics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 148 non smoking male traffic policemen and 135 control subjects were selected for this study. The 8-OHdG levels were analyzed by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection method. Gene polymorphism was detected by multiplex PCR and RFLP method. RESULTS: 8-OHdG levels were found to be increased in traffic police with increase in the years of service in traffic control (p = 0.02) when compare to the controls. The results showed a significant increase in urinary 8-OHdG levels in mutated CYP1A1m1 (p < 0.007) and null GSTM1 (p < 0.01) genotypes. However the genotype frequencies of CYP1A1 m2 and GSTT1 genes did not vary in both exposed and control groups. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that exposure to vehicular exhaust over a period of time increases oxidative stress and subsequently induces oxidative DNA damage in traffic policemen. Preventive and therapeutic strategies may be considered for traffic policemen to minimize the adverse effects due to vehicular exposure.
Assuntos
Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/genética , Desoxiguanosina/análogos & derivados , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Polícia , Polimorfismo Genético , Emissões de Veículos/toxicidade , 8-Hidroxi-2'-Desoxiguanosina , Adulto , Biomarcadores/urina , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Dano ao DNA , Desoxiguanosina/urina , Deleção de Genes , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Desintoxicação Metabólica Fase I , Desintoxicação Metabólica Fase II , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de RestriçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is a very common skin disease with a significant detrimental effect on the quality of life of the patients. AIMS: To assess the comparative efficacy and safety of a nano-emulsion gel formulation of adapalene and clindamycin combination with its conventional formulation in the treatment of acne vulgaris of the face. It was a prospective, randomized, open label, active-controlled, multicentric, clinical trial. METHODS: Eligible patients suffering from acne vulgaris of the face were randomized to receive once-daily treatment with a nano-emulsion gel or conventional gel formulation of adapalene 0.1% and clindamycin (as phosphate) 1% combination for 12 weeks. Total, inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts, with grading of acne severity were carried out on a monthly basis. Safety assessments were done to determine the comparative local and systemic tolerability. Two-tailed significance testing was carried out with appropriate statistical tests, and P-values < 0.05 were considered as significant. RESULTS: 209/212 patients enrolled in the study were eligible for efficacy and safety assessments in both nano-emulsion gel (118/119 patients) and conventional gel (91/93 patients) groups. Significantly better reductions in total (79.7% vs. 62.7%), inflammatory (88.7% vs. 71.4%) and noninflammatory (74.9% vs. 58.4%) lesions were reported with the nano-emulsion gel as compared to the conventional gel (P < 0.001 for all). Mean acne severity score also reduced significantly more with the nano-emulsion formulation (1.9 ± 0.9 vs. 1.4 ± 1.0; P < 0.001) than the comparator. Significantly lower incidence and lesser intensity of adverse events like local irritation (4.2% vs. 19.8%; P < 0.05) and erythema (0.8% vs. 9.9%; P < 0.05) were recorded with the nano-emulsion gel. CONCLUSIONS: The nano-emulsion gel formulation of adapalene and clindamycin combination appears to be more efficacious and better tolerated than the conventional formulation for the treatment of acne vulgaris in Indian patients. Further studies can elucidate the comparative treatment benefits of this nano-emulsion gel formulation.
